منابع مشابه
Functions of the basal ganglia.
In their excellent review article concerning functions of the basal ganglia, Marsden and Obeso (1994) failed to consider the role of corticothalamic projections arising from the supplementary motor cortex (and other motor-related cortical regions) on thalamic neurons that receive input from the basal ganglia (i.e. medial pallidum/substantia nigra reticulata) and project back to these same corti...
متن کاملLearning Reward Uncertainty in the Basal Ganglia
Learning the reliability of different sources of rewards is critical for making optimal choices. However, despite the existence of detailed theory describing how the expected reward is learned in the basal ganglia, it is not known how reward uncertainty is estimated in these circuits. This paper presents a class of models that encode both the mean reward and the spread of the rewards, the forme...
متن کاملBasal ganglia orient eyes to reward.
Expectation of reward motivates our behaviors and influences our decisions. Indeed, neuronal activity in many brain areas is modulated by expected reward. However, it is still unclear where and how the reward-dependent modulation of neuronal activity occurs and how the reward-modulated signal is transformed into motor outputs. Recent studies suggest an important role of the basal ganglia. Senso...
متن کاملThe motor functions of the basal ganglia.
The past 25 years have seen a resurgence of interest in the basal ganglia. In the 1980s, a series of studies yielded the now classic descriptions of basal ganglia connectivity and information flow that now dominates textbook descriptions. This was followed by the appearance of reward-based learning theories of corticostriatal function in which dopamine played a critical role in modulating corti...
متن کاملMotor functions of the basal ganglia.
A study of movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease can provide an indication of the motor functions of the basal ganglia. Basal-ganglia diseases affect voluntary movement and can cause involuntary movement. Deficits are often manifested during the coordination of fine multi-joint movements (e.g., handwriting). The disturbances of motor control (e.g. akinesia, bra...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Neural Transmission
سال: 2016
ISSN: 0300-9564,1435-1463
DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1510-0